GaAs-chip-based mid-infrared supercontinuum generation.

The mid-infrared spectral region opens up new possibilities for applications such as molecular spectroscopy with high spatial and frequency resolution. For example, the mid-infrared light provided by synchrotron sources has helped for early diagnosis of several pathologies. However, alternative light sources at the table-top scale would enable better access to these state-of-the-art characterizations, eventually speeding up research in biology and medicine. Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear waveguides pumped by compact fiber lasers represents an appealing alternative to synchrotrons. Here, we introduce orientation-patterned gallium arsenide waveguides as a new versatile platform for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. Waveguides and fiber-based pump lasers are optimized in tandem to allow for the group velocities of the signal and the idler waves to match near the degeneracy point. This configuration exacerbates supercontinuum generation from 4 to 9 µm when waveguides are pumped at 2750 nm with few-nanojoule energy pulses. The brightness of the novel mid-infrared source exceeds that of the third-generation synchrotron source by a factor of 20. We also show that the nonlinear dynamics is strongly influenced by the choice of waveguide and laser parameters, thus offering an additional degree of freedom in tailoring the spectral profile of the generated light. Such an approach then opens new paths for high-brightness mid-infrared laser sources development for high-resolution spectroscopy and imaging. Furthermore, thanks to the excellent mechanical and thermal properties of the waveguide material, further power scaling seems feasible, allowing for the generation of watt-level ultra-broad frequency combs in the mid-infrared.

Three-dimensional analysis of the root canal preparation with Reciproc Blue®, WaveOne Gold® and XP EndoShaper®: a new method in vivo.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in canal volume after root canal preparation in vivo with 3 different single-file techniques (Reciproc-Blue®, WaveOne-Gold® and XP-EndoShaper®), with a new method using CBCT and 3D reconstruction. METHODS: In this prospective study, thirty human lower premolars from healthy patients were used, in which extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. All the teeth used were caries- and restoration-free with complete root development, without signs of periodontal disease or traumatic occlusion, and with only one straight canal (up to 25º curvature). Teeth were randomly divided into three different groups: Reciproc-Blue, WaveOne-Gold and XP-EndoShaper. CBCT scans before root canal preparation were used to create a 3D reconstruction with RHINOCEROS 5.0 software to assess the initial canal volume, and then compared with 3D reconstructions after canal preparation to measure the increase in canal volume. Student's t test for paired data were used to determine statistically significant differences between the before and after canal volumes. Anova test was used to determine statistically significant differences in the percentage of canal volume increase between the groups and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to paired comparison. RESULTS: Reciproc-Blue showed the higher increase in canal volume, followed by WaveOne-Gold and XP-EndoShaper (p = 0.003). XP-EndoShaper did not show a statistically significant increase in canal volume after root canal preparation (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: With this model, Reciproc-Blue showed higher increase in root canal volume, followed by WaveOne-Gold, while XP-EndoShaper did not significantly increase root canal volume during preparation.

Políticas públicas de promoción de estilos de vida saludable como forma de gobierno por medio de la comunidad / Políticas públicas para promover estilos de vida saudáveis como forma de governo através da comunidade / Public policies to promote healthy lifestyles as a form of government through community

Basado en un estudio de caso, este artículo avanza en la comprensión de los mecanismos concretos que encauzan procesos de subjetivación en el contexto de políticas públicas de promoción de estilos de vida saludable. Analiza el funcionamiento del Programa Vida Sana, implementado por el Gobierno de Chile en el marco del Sistema Elige Vivir Sano, por medio de entrevistas a beneficiarias y a la profesora responsable de las sesiones de actividad física del programa en una localidad de Santiago. Su análisis sugiere la coexistencia de una racionalidad de la elección, que tradicionalmente ha sido identificada con el discurso de la vida activa, con una racionalidad que enfatiza el cuidado mutuo entre los miembros de una comunidad. Se propone que esto tiene implicancias teóricas para la comprensión de las políticas públicas deportivas y de salud como forma de gobierno por medio de la comunidad.

Com base em um estudo de caso, este artigo avança na compreensão dos mecanismos específicos que canalizam os processos de subjetivação no contexto das políticas públicas para promover estilos de vida saudáveis. Analisa a operação do Programa Vida Sana, implementado pelo Governo do Chile, no âmbito do Sistema Escolha Uma Vida Saudável, por meio de entrevistas com beneficiários e a professora responsável pelas sessões de atividade física do programa em um distrito de Santiago. Sua análise sugere a convivência de uma racionalidade de escolha, que tradicionalmente tem sido identificada com o discurso da vida ativa, com uma racionalidade que enfatiza o cuidado mútuo entre os membros de uma comunidade. Propõe-se que isso tenha implicações teóricas para a compreensão das políticas públicas de esportes e saúde como forma de governo através da comunidade.

Based on a case study, this article advances in understanding the concrete mechanisms that channel subjectivation processes in the context of public policies to promote healthy lifestyles. It analyzes the operation of the Vida Sana Program, implemented by the Government of Chile within the framework of the Choose Healthy Living System, through interviews with beneficiaries and the teacher responsible for the program's physical activity sessions in a district of Santiago. Its analysis suggests the coexistence of a rationality of choice, which has traditionally been identified with the discourse of active life, with a rationality that emphasizes mutual care among members of a community. The study proposes that it has theoretical implications for understanding sports and health public policies as a form of governing through community.

Factores de riesgos psicosociales en auxiliares de enfermería de un hospital de la red pública en la ciudad de bogotá, colombia

El trabajo en enfermería es considerado como una actividad estresante, tendiente a fomentar la aparición del riesgo psicosocial, por las condiciones de trabajo, propias de los servicios hospitalarios y de la labor de enfermería, lo cual, puede desencadenar alteraciones o daños en la salud, de tipo físico, mental y emocional. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los factores de riesgos psicosociales en los auxiliares de enfermería, de un hospital de la red pública en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Estudio cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 90 auxiliares de enfermería; para la recolección de la información, se utilizó el cuestionario CoPsoQ-istas21, versión 2.0 2014, instrumento que evalúa la exposición al riesgo psicosocial, fundamentado en la prevención. Los resultados evidencian que el 84,5% de los participantes corresponden a sexo femenino, el 52,9%, tiene una edad que no supera los 31 años y el 75,9% tiene un contrato temporal. En cuanto a la exposición de riesgos psicosociales, las dimensiones más desfavorables para la salud fueron el ritmo de trabajo, 97,6%; inseguridad sobre las condiciones de trabajo, 66,1% y las exigencias de esconder emociones, 65,2%. Respecto a las dimensiones favorables para la salud, se destaca el sentido de trabajo, 90,8% y las posibilidades de desarrollo, 90,7%. La investigación evidencia las condiciones psicosociales que pueden repercutir en la salud de la población sujeto de estudio.

Nursing work is considered as a stressful activity, tending to promote the appearance of psychosocial risk, by the working conditions of the hospital services and nursing work, which can trigger alterations or damages in health, of type Physical, mental and emotional. The objective was to evaluate the psychosocial risk factors in the nursing auxiliaries of a public network hospital in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Quantitative study, descriptive type. The sample consisted of 90 nursing auxiliaries; for the collection of the information, the questionnaire CoPsoQ-istas21, version 2.0 2014, instrument that evaluates the exposure to psychosocial risk, based on prevention, was used. The results show that 84,5% of the participants correspond to women, 52,9%, have an age that does not exceed 31 years, and 75,9% have a temporary contract. As for the exposure of psychosocial risks, the most unfavorable dimensions for health were the work rate 97,6%, insecurity about working conditions 66,1% and the requirements to hide emotions 65,2%; With respect to the dimensions favorable to health, it emphasizes the sense of work 90,8% and the possibilities of development 90,7%. The research shows the psychosocial conditions that can affect the health of the population under study.

Effects of post-thaw incubation on motility, acrosomal integrity and in vitro fertilizing capacity of boar spermatozoa cryopreserved in 0.5 and 5ml straws.

The effect of post-thaw incubation (0 vs. 5h at 15°C) and straw size (5 vs. 0.5ml) on motility, acrosomal integrity and in vitro fertilizing (IVF) capacity of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa was studied. In samples assessed immediately after thawing, no differences were found between the two straw sizes. After 5h post-thaw incubation, all parameters, except polyspermy, decreased and, spermatozoa packaged in 5ml straws showed better functional and IVF parameters than these in 0.5ml straws.